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 Facts About South
Dakota
 
The legends
of Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull and the Arikara, Cheyenne and Sioux Indian
tribes still reverberate across the land. In 1805, into this unexplored
territory we now call South Dakota, the Lewis and Clark expedition wound
its way up the Missouri River on their epic journey to the Pacific
Northwest. As the geography of America expanded, and details of this new
land (west of the Mississippi) spread to the east, settlers by the
thousands arrived in the Dakotas. The Indian's sacred land was now
violated, and their understandable reaction was bloody and severe. When
gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1876, the land was inundated
with miners and prospectors. The Indians rebelled again, but were
eventually defeated, and relegated to reservation life. This large slice
of the American West is today home to huge cattle ranches, productive
farms and modern cities. The Badlands and Black Hills, including Mount
Rushmore and the Crazy Horse Monument are major attractions, and the state
welcomes millions of annual visitors.
 Capital:
Pierre
Population: 761,063
Entered the Union: November 2, 1889
As the: 40th State
Motto: "Under God The People Rule"
Nickname: "Coyote State"
Flower: Pasque
Bird: Chinese Ring-necked Pheasant
Song: "Hail, South Dakota"
Origin of Name: It's from the Sioux
Indian word Dakota, meaning Allies or Friends
Points of Interest: The Badlands,
Black Hill, Crazy Horse Monument, Jewel Cave, Mt. Rushmore, and much more.
Bordering States: Minnesota, Iowa,
Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota.
Numerous Facts & Trivia:
Sculptor Gutzon Borglum began drilling into
the 6,200-foot Mount Rushmore in 1927. Creation of the Shrine to Democracy
took 14 years and cost a mere $1 million, though it's now deemed
priceless.
The faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and
Abraham Lincoln are sculpted into Mount Rushmore the world's greatest
mountain carving.
Fossilized remains of life 50 million years ago have been arranged in
unusual forms, which is Lemmon's mark of distinction at the world's
largest petrified wood park.
Perhaps the most significant fur trade/military fort on the western
American frontier, Fort Pierre Chouteau was the largest (almost 300'
square) and best equipped trading post in the northern Great Plains. Built
in 1832 by John Jacob Astor's (1763-1848) American Fur Company as part of
its expansion into the Upper Missouri region, the trading activities at
the site exemplified the commercial alliance critical to the success of
the fur business.
Jack McCall was tried, convicted and hanged two miles north of Yankton in
1877 for the shooting of Wild Bill Hickok. He is buried in an unmarked
grave in the Yankton cemetery.
The site of a rich gold strike in 1875, Deadwood retains its mining town
atmosphere. While Deadwood is one of the most highly publicized mining
towns of the trans-Mississippi West, much of its fame rests on the famous
or infamous characters that passed through.
Tom Brokaw of NBC graduated from Yankton High School and the University of
South Dakota.
Belle Fourche is the geographical center of the United States of America,
designated in 1959 and noted by an official marker and sheepherder's
monument called a "Stone Johnnie".
Bowdle is known for the tallest water tower in South Dakota.
Clark is the Potato Capital of South Dakota. Clark is home to the world
famous Mashed Potato Wrestling contest.
In 1803, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory
from France, a real-estate deal that at the time doubled the size of the
United States.
South Dakota is the home of the Dakota, Lakota and Nakota tribes, which
make up the Sioux Nation.
Custer State Park is home to a herd of 1,500 free-roaming bison. Bison can
weigh as much as 2,000 pounds. Historically, the bison played an essential
role in the lives of the Lakota (Sioux), who relied on the “tatanka” for
food, clothing and shelter.
Jewel Cave is the third-longest cave in the world. More than 120 miles of
passages have been surveyed. Calcite crystals that glitter when
illuminated give the cave its name.
With more than 82 miles of mapped passages, Wind Cave contains the world’s
largest display of a rare formation called boxwork.
The Crazy Horse mountain carving now in progress will be the world’s
largest sculpture (563' high, 641' long, carved in the round). It is the
focal point of an educational and cultural memorial to and for the North
American Indian.
Badlands National Park consists of nearly 244,000 acres of sharply eroded
buttes, pinnacles and spires blended with the largest, protected mixed
grass prairie in the United States.
Badlands National Park contains the world's richest Oligocene epoch fossil
beds, dating 23 to 35 million years old.
Sage Creek Wilderness is the site of the reintroduction of the
black-footed ferret, the most endangered land mammal in North America.
The name "Black Hills" comes from the Lakota words Paha Sapa, which mean
"hills that are black". Seen from a distance, these pine-covered hills,
rising several thousand feet above the surrounding prairie, appear black.
In 1898, the first commercial timber sale on Federal forested land in the
United States was authorized in the area of Jim and Estes Creeks (near the
town of Nemo).
Woonsocket is known as The Town with the Beautiful Lake. Lake Prior sits
in the middle of town.
Harney Peak, at 7242 above sea level, is the highest point in the United
States east of the Rockies.
The 9824-acre Black Elk Wilderness in the center of the Norbeck Wildlife
Preserve was named for Black Elk, an Oglala Lakota holy man.
Sturgis is home of the annual Black Hills Classic Motorcycle Rally.
The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs contains the largest concentration of
Columbian and woolly mammoth bones discovered in their primary context in
the world! This National Natural Landmark is the only in-situ (bones left
as found) display of fossil mammoths in America.
The Pioneer Auto Museum in Murdo details more than 250 rare automobiles
including the infamous Tucker and Edsel.
Near the shore of Lake Herman, Prairie Village includes the original
townsite of Herman, Dakota Territory. It is also home of the Art B. Thomas
Hershell-Spillman Carousel that is complete with its operating coal fired
boiler and steam engine.
The abundant water flow of Spearfish Creek favored the establishment of a
Federal Fish Hatchery in 1898. It is known today as the D.C. Booth
Historic Fish Hatchery.
Sioux Falls exists as a city today because the land speculators who staked
town site claims there in 1857 came in search of the cascades of the Big
Sioux River.
Mitchell is the home of the world's only Corn Palace.
The Flaming Fountain on South Dakota State Capitol Lake is fed by an
artesian well with natural gas content so high that it can be lit. The
fountain glows perpetually as a memorial to all veterans.
The George S. Mickelson Trail is South Dakota's premier rails-to-trails
project. This award winning tail stretches 114 miles from Deadwood to
Edgemont.
The Crystal Springs Ranch rodeo arena in Clear Lake was built on a drained
duck pond. The former duck pond is now known as "America's Most Natural
Rodeo Bowl".
Faith is famous to paleontologists. Several Hadrosaur, Edmontosaurus
annectens were excavated on a ranch north of Faith and one of the largest,
most complete, and best preserved Tyrannosaurus Rex was excavated nearby.
The Silent Guide Monument in Philip was built in the late 1800s by a
sheepherder to mark a waterhole that never went dry. Made of flat stones,
the guide originally stood fourteen feet high, and could be seen as far as
thirty five miles away.
The largest underground gold mine is the Homestake Mine in Lead.
Mato Paha "Sacred Mountain" is the origin of many Native American legends.
Rising 1400 feet above the surrounding prairie near Sturgis, and standing
all by itself, Bear Butte isn't hard to find. It was used as a landmark by
the plains Indians and even today it is considered sacred by the plains
peoples.
Black Hills National Cemetery "The Arlington of the West" is a final
resting place of our nation's veterans.
The Anne Hathaway Cottage at Wessington Springs is the only structure in
the Midwest US that features a thatched roof. The cottage is styled after
the original Anne Hathaway home in England.
Brookings is the home of South Dakota State University, the state’s
largest university, with 8100 students, and a staff of nearly 2000.
Rivers were the highways in settling the western territory. Lewis and
Clark named American Creek when they passed through the Chamberlain -
Oacoma area while exploring the territory for President Jefferson in 1804.
Yankton was the original Dakota Territorial capital city.
Henry Holland built an English-style mill in Milbank in 1886, three years
before South Dakota became a state. Until 1907 it was used by settlers to
grind wheat and corn and to saw wood.
The first & oldest Dakota daily newspaper, published in 1861 is the
Yankton Daily Press & Dakotan.
The Meridian Bridge built in 1924 was the first structure built across the
Missouri River in South Dakota.
The Prairie Rattlesnake is the only venomous snake native to South Dakota.
The color of the Prairie Rattlesnake varies from light brown to green,
with a yellowish belly. Dark oval blotches with light colored borders run
along the center of its back.
The U.S.S. South Dakota was the most decorated battleship during World War
II.
Newton Hills State Park, south of Canton, is part of a geological feature
called the Coteau des Prairie. This narrow strip of rolling hills and
forests was created by glaciers and extends along the eastern edge of
South Dakota. At its highest point, the Coteau rises to more than 2,000
feet above sea level.
For millions of years, Split Rock Creek near Garretson cut deep gorges
through Palisades State Park. Geologists say the Sioux quartzite spires
are 1.2 billion years old! Glaciers deposited a thin layer of debris atop
the quartzite. Beds of dark red pipestone can be found between the layers.
This is one of the few areas in the nation where pipestone is found. The
mineral is considered sacred by American Indians.
Learn more at 50states.com
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